Cocaine Addiction: Definition, Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

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Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a devastating disorder, impacting both individuals and society. Individuals with CUD face many barriers in accessing treatment for CUD, and most individuals with CUD never receive treatment. In this review, we provide an overview of CUD, including risk factors for CUD, common co-occurring disorders, acute and chronic effects of cocaine use, and currently available pharmacological and behavioral treatments. Future studies with larger sample sizes and testing treatment combinations are warranted. However, individuals with CUD and co-occurring disorders (eg, a mood or anxiety disorder) may benefit from medication treatments. Following the discussion of current treatments, we highlight some promising emerging treatments, as well as offer a framework that can be used in building a treatment plan for individuals with CUD.

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The information we provide is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. It should not be used in place of the advice of your physician or other qualified healthcare providers. Pharmacological and behavioral treatments are the most effective options for cocaine addiction. Outpatient treatment, inpatient treatment, medications, therapy, or a combination of different treatment programs can help you recover from addiction.

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For this reason, you might hear the terms “crack” and “freebase” used interchangeably. To find a support group in your area, talk to a healthcare provider or go online. All stimulants act to enhance the extracellular concentrations of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. Some people report that cocaine helps them think and perform tasks more quickly. Cocaine is a drug made from the leaves of the coca plant native to South America.

Cocaine Overdose

• I believe the imagery of addicts roaming the streets like animals escaped from the zoo is pure nonsense.
• Finding the right treatment option can be the key to a successful recovery journey.
• By addressing these issues, you can develop healthier coping mechanisms and reduce the likelihood of relapse in the future.

There are also effective medications approved by the Food and Drug Administration to treat opioid, tobacco, and alcohol use disorders. The course and length of treatment vary based on the specific needs of the individual. The presence cocaine addiction treatment of cocaine withdrawal symptoms may make it difficult for cocaine users to attain a period of initial abstinence. Cocaine withdrawal symptoms include dysphoric mood, fatigue, sleep disturbance, appetite changes, and irritability.

GABAergic/glutamatergic medications

• To make more money, dealers may “cut” the drug with other substances, like flour, baking soda, cornstarch, or talcum powder.
• If someone you know lives with a cocaine addiction or is using cocaine recreationally and wants to stop, it’s time to seek professional help.
• Coviello et al. (8) compared a 12-hour/week IOT and a 6-hour/week standard outpatient treatment.
• The increased impact of dopamine also causes the euphoric and pleasurable sensation of a “high” on cocaine.
• They can provide an evaluation, help you understand your cocaine treatment options, and help determine the appropriate level of care for your needs.

Three trials of long-acting amphetamine have been conducted thus far, with promising results. The first two trials (28, 29) were conducted by Grabowski et al. at the University of Texas. The earliest, 12-week clinical trial (28) involved 128 patients with DSM-IV cocaine dependence who were randomly assigned to placebo, low-dose dextroamphetamine (30 mg daily), or high-dose dextroamphetamine (60 mg daily).

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• Modafinil is a mild stimulant used to treat narcolepsy and shift-work sleep disorder.
• When you use substances like alcohol or drugs over a long period of time, your body can develop a dependence on these substances.
• A special challenge for pharmacotherapeutic treatments for CUD is the fact that cocaine has diverse effects in the brain, involving multiple kinds of neurotransmitters.
• Sessions with a trained therapist can help you make changes to your behaviors and thought processes.
• As a result of these practices, users can develop a dual addiction to cocaine alongside alcohol or other drugs.

What to Expect from Cocaine Detox and How to Get Professional Help

• Or ask for a referral to a specialist in drug addiction, such as a licensed alcohol and drug counselor, or a psychiatrist or psychologist.
• However, lower-cost variants of VBRT using intermittent reinforcement, such as the “fishbowl” technique, have been shown to be effective (16).
• But the full portrait of the death toll from street drugs remains grim.

Identifying Treatments and Supporting Recovery